Preclinical models are experimental systems used in research to study diseases, test new drugs, and investigate biological processes before moving to human clinical trials. These models can include cell cultures, animal models, and organoids that mimic human physiology and pathology to varying degrees. Preclinical models provide valuable insights into disease mechanisms, drug efficacy, and potential side effects, helping researchers to make informed decisions about which treatments to further develop and test in clinical trials. By using preclinical models, researchers can accelerate the drug discovery and development process and increase the likelihood of success in human trials.